![]() ![]() Parties need to be less polarized for separation of powers system to work effectively "mismatch" problem that Mann and Ornstein refer to ideological sorting Reasons for the decline in the number of moderate Members of Congress - GOP frustration with minority status in Congress from the 1930s to 1994. party system (polarized) works only under a parliamentary system. weaker leadership + less teamwork how separation of powers system contributes to potential for gridlock Party polarization is a mismatch w/ separation of powers executive cannot discipline legislative Sorting of the electorate Evidence of, and causes of, party polarization ideological sorting: Dems + Reps = more ideologically divided than in past patterns over time and why gridlock + party polarization have increased - Leads to divided govt b/c voters can vote for different parties to control the different branches Central cause = increased party polarization Causes of gridlock - Historical change in Congress w/ Gingrich in 1990s = obstructionist Obstructionist rules + procedures in Senate Stronger leadership + teamwork in govt then in US separation of powers system Cut spending, increase revenue, and/or create more economic growth ways in which the government reduces deficits and debt Congress + President pass law to raise it how the debt ceiling is raised govt will go into default if not raised which is extremely bad for the economy why it matters if the government does not raise the debt ceiling # of laws passed by Congress / # of issues Congress tries to address = volume of gridlock which is very high Evidence of gridlock - Divided govt (However, exists even w/o divided govt) Prime Minister can "discipline" legislators in his party US President cannot Legislative + executive fused together = no divided govt (legislature chooses Prime Minister) party system (polarized) works only under this system House = hold 'asymmetric' polarization Republicans have become more extreme than Democrats Parliamentary system - Current U.S. ![]() beliefs 'hostage taking' in Washington Individual refuses to pass a bill if they don't agree with it Conservatives + liberals listen only to "their" sources, reinforcing their est. Mass media 'echo chamber' - More partisan + ideologically biased media outlets ![]()
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